After we know about the 4 holy books that revealed to the Messengers, now we will look at the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad SAW., specifically the genealogy of the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) to Prophet Adam (AS). Prophet Muhammad SAW is often referred to as Khairul Khalq (the best creature) and also called by the name Sayyidul Anbiya‘, he has holy descendants, it’s from noble people from generation to generation. None of the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad behaved disgracefully, so as Muslims we should know the genealogy of the lineage of the prophet Muhammad (SAW) to the Prophet Adam (AS).
In the book al-Sîrah al-Nabawiyyah, Imam Ibn Hisham wrote the genealogy of the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad as follows:
هَذا كِتَابُ سِيْرَةِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ صلي الله عليه وسلّم، هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بن عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ — وَاسْمُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ: شَيْبَةَ بن هَاشِمِ — وَاسْمُ هَاشِمِ: عُمَرُو بن عَبْدِ مَنَافِ — وَاسْمُ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ: المغِيْرَةُ بن قُصَيّ بن كِلَابِ بن مُرَّةَ بن كَعْبِ بن لُؤَيِّ بن غَالِبِ بْن فِهْرِ بن مالِكِ بن النَّضْرِ بن كِنَانَةَ بنِ خُزَيْمَةَ بن مُدْرِكَةَ — واسمُ مُدْرِكَةَ: عَامِرِ بن إِلْيَاس بن مُضَر بن نِزَار بن مَعَدِّ بن عَدْنَانَ بن أُدَّ — ويقالُ أُدَدَ بن مُقَوِّمِ بن نَاحُوْر بن تَيْرَح بن يَعْرُبَ بن يَشْجُبَ بن نَابَت بن إِسْمَاعِيْلَ بن إِبْرَاهِيْمَ — خليلُ الرَّحمنِ — بن تَارِح — وهوَ آزَر — بن نَاحُوْر بن سَارُوْغ بن رَاعُو بن فَالِخ بن عَيْبَر بن شَالِخ بن أَرْفَخْشَذ بن سَام بن نُوْح بن لَمَك بن مَتُّو شَلَخ بن أَخْنُوْخ — وَهو إِدْرِيْسُ النَّبِي — وَكانَ أَوَّلَ بَنِي آدَمَ أُعْطِي النُّبُوَّةَ وَخَطَّ بِالْقَلَمِ — ابن يَرْد بن مَهْلَيِل بن قَيْنَن بن يَانِش بن شِيْث بن آدَمَ عليه السلام
“This is the book of Sirah Rasulullah , he is Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib – Abdul Muttalib’s real name is Syaibah bin Hasyim – Hasyim’s real name is Umar bin Abdu Manaf – Abdu Manaf’s real name is Mughirah bin Qusayy bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka’ b bin Lu’ayy bin Ghalib bin Fihr bin Malik bin al-Nadlr bin Kinanah bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah — Mudrikah’s real name was ‘Amr bin Ilyas bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma’add bin ‘Adnan bin Udda — also pronounced Udada bin Muqawwim bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin Ya’ruba bin Yashjuba bin Nabat bin Ismail bin Ibrahim — khalil al-Rahman — bin Tarih — he is Azar — bin Nahur bin Sarug bin Ra’u bin Falikh bin Aybar bin Shalikh bin Arfakhsyadz bin Sam bin Nuh bin Lamak bin Mattu Syalakh bin Akhnunkh — he is the Prophet Idris, the first son of Adam who was awarded prophethood and literacy — bin Yard bin Malayil bin Qainan bin Yanisy bin Syits bin Adam ‘alaihis salam.” (Imam Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, ed. Umar Abdul Salam Tadmuri, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Arab, 1990, juz 1, pp. 11-16). (1)
More: Miracles of Prophet Muhammad PBUH
From the book, we see that Imam Ibn Hisham has indeed mentioned the complete genealogy of the Prophet Muhammad from Abdullah to Prophet Adam (AS), but historians have different opinions about this genealogy over Adnan. So what is agreed by historians is the genealogy from Abdullah to Adnan, while on it there are differences of opinion. Sheikh Dr. Muhammad Sa’id Ramadhan al-Buthi commented on this and he said:
أَمَّا مَا فَوْقَ ذَالِكَ فَمُخْتَلَفٌ فِيْهِ, لَا يُعْتَمَدُ عَلَيْه في شَيْئٍ غَيْرُ أَنَّ مِمَّا لَا خِلَافَ فِيْهِ أَنَّ عَدْنَانَ مِنْ وَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيْلَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ابْنِ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ خَليْلِ اللهِ عَلَيْهِمَا الصَّلَاةُ والسَّلامُ
“The descendants of the Prophet Muhammad above Adnan, historians have different opinions, none of which can be considered the most correct. But everyone also agrees that Adnan is a descendant of the prophet Ismail, the Prophet of Allah the son of Ibrahim Khalilullah ‘alaihis salam.” (Sheikh Dr. Muhammad Sa’id Ramadhan al-Buthi, Fiqh al-Sîrah al-Nabawiyyah Ma’a Mujaz li al-Tarîkh al-Khilâfah al-Rasyîdah, Damascus: Dar al-Fikr, 1991, p. 73).
Also see: History of the emergence of the Umayyad Dynasty and its decline
Indeed, we cannot deny that the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad from Adnan up has many differences of opinion, even if we really want to know for sure, now no one knows about it, there is not even clear literature on the genealogy of the Prophet (SAW). from Adnan upwards.
As said by Sayyidina Urwah bin Zubeir bin Layman (644-713 AD). He commented on this: “We did not find anyone who definitely knew the lineage of the Apostle from Adnan onwards.” (Imam Muhammad al-Dzahabi, Tarîkh al-Islâm wa Wafayât al-Masyâhîr wa al-A’lâm: al-Sîrah al-Nabawiyyah, Damascus: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi, tt, juz 2, p. 18) .
Not only he who commented like that, there were even other historians such as Sayyidina Abu al-Aswad bin Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman, he was a foster child of Sayyidina Urwah bin Zubeir. One of the comments was:
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْر بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ابْنِ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ, وَكَانَ مِنْ أَعْلَمِ قُرَيْشٍ بِأَنْسَبِهَا وَأَشْعَارِهَا يَقُوْلُ: مَا وَجَدْنَا أَحَدًا يَعْلَمُ مَا وَرَاءَ مَعَدَّ بْنِ عَدْنَانَ فِي شِعْرِ شَاعِرٍ وَلَا فِي عِلْمِ عَالِمٍ
“I heard Abu Bakr bin Sulaiman bin Abu Khaitsamah, he was a Quraysh who was very familiar with his lineage and the verses of the Quraysh, he said: We did not find anyone who knew the lineage of the Prophet’s descendants. above Adnan, either in the poetry of the poets or in the knowledge of the knowledgeable. So, it is clear that there is no correct understanding of this (Imam Muhammad al-Dzahabi, Tarîkh al-Islâm wa Wafayât al-Masyâhîr wa al-A’lâm: al-Sîrah al-Nabawiyyah, juz 2, p. 18 )
People who are very familiar with the descendants of the Quraysh do not know about this, of course this is a natural thing if many have different opinions on this matter. One of the clearest differences of opinion is the narration of Sayyidina Ibn Abbas ra:
أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بن عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بن هَاشِمِ بن عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بن قُصَيّ بن كِلَابِ بن مُرَّةَ بن كَعْبِ بن لُؤَيِّ بن غَالِبِ بْن فِهْر بن مالِكِ بن النَّضْرِ بن كِنَانَةَ بنِ خُزَيْمَةَ بن مُدْرِكَةَ بن إِلْيَاس بن مُضَر بن نِزَار بن مَعَدّ بن عَدْنَان بن أُدّ بن أُدَدَ بن الهَيْسَع بن بَنَت بن حَمَل بن قَيْذَار بن إِسْمَاعِيْل بن إِبْرَاهِيْم الخ…..
“I am Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib bin Hasyim bin Abdu Manaf bin Qushayy bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka’b bin Luayy bin Ghalib bin Fihr bin Malik bin al-Nadhr bin Kinanah bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma’ add bin Adnana bin Udda bin Udada bin Alhaysa ‘bin Nabat bin Hamal bin Qaidzar bin Isma’il bin Ibrahim ……..” (Imam al-Hafidh al-Dailami, Firdaus al-Akhbâr bi Ma’tsûr al- Khitâb al-Mukharraj ‘ala Kitâb al-Syihâb, Damascus: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi, juz 1, p. 73)
If we look more clearly, in the narration quoted by Imam Ibn Hisham (d. 213/218 H), Adnan is a child of Udda who is sometimes also called by the name Udada, while in the narration of Sayyidina Ibn Abbas, Udda is the son of Udada. . This is a difference among historians. Not only that, after Udada there is another even more striking difference. Where in the quote Imam Ibn Hisham mentions (first narration), “Udada bin Muqawwim bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin Ya’ruba bin Yashjuba bin Nabat bin Ismail bin Ibrahim.” It is different if we look at the history of Sayyidina Ibn Abbas who said (second narration), “Udada bin Alhaysa ‘bin Nabat bin Hamal bin Qaidzar bin Isma’il bin Ibrahim.”
In addition to the difference in the name as above, there is also a difference in the writing of the name between the narrations, this occurs in the names above Adnan. Among them are: Fâlikh, ‘Aibar, Râ’û, and others in the information quoted by Imam Ibn Hisham written as: Fâligh, ‘Âbir, Râghû, and others in the history of Sayyidina Ibn Abbas. Imam Ibn Sa’ad said that this difference in writing occurs because the names are in the language of ‘Ajam, he said:
سَائِرُ هَذهِ الْأَسْمَاءِ أَعْجَمِيَّةٌ وَبَعْضُهَا لَا يُمْكِنُ ضَبْطُهُ بِالْخَطِّ إِلَّا تَقْرِيْبًا
“The rest of these names are names in non-Arabic languages, some of which are impossible to write correctly except by guessing it.” (Imam Muhammad al-Dzahabi, Tarîkh al-Islâm wa Wafayât al-Masyâhîr wa al-A’lâm: al-Sîrah al-Nabawiyyah, juz 2, p. 22).